This post presents the results of some representative benchmarks using the JMH benchmarking library to run comparative tests across the following five different Java-based scripting/expression languages:

Benchmarks were run on a Java 25.0.2 JVM

The benchmarks focus mostly on short, expression based tests, in an attempt to mirror the types of scenarios where scripting languages are often used (for example in rules processing systems). There is one longer benchmark with a script of around 30 lines, as well as benchmarks comparing the compilation speeds.

Jactl 2.9.0 is a new release with a focus on performance improvements and bug fixes.

The biggest enhancement in Jactl 2.9.0 is support for the JVM InvokeDynamic instruction which makes invocation of methods on untyped objects almost as fast as invoking methods on typed objects.

Jactl 2.8.0 is a new release with enhancements, bug fixes, and performance improvements.

It adds a new for-in loop statement with pattern matching and destructuring and has many performance improvements, mostly relating to compilation speed and has been benchmarked at compilation speeds of over 300K lines/s.

Edited: Updated with benchmark results from Jactl 2.8.0

Introduction​

Java applications often choose to use an embedded scripting language for reasons including the following:

• to provide a powerful customisation mechanism for users
• to be able to change runtime behaviour without rebuilding/redeploying the application
• for providing business rules/logic
• per-tenant configuration for multi-tenant applications
• rapid prototyping for new features

When selecting a JVM scripting language there are many options to choose from including Jactl, Groovy, Jython (Python), JRuby (Ruby), JavaScript, and Lua. Out of these, Groovy is probably the most widely used scripting language for Java applications. This article compares Jactl and Groovy in order to show their strengths and weaknesses and when you might choose to use one over the other.

Jactl 2.4.0 is a new release with enhancements and bug fixes.

This release provides new date/time classes and also adds the ability to extend the language with new built-in types.

Jactl 2.3.0 is a new release with enhancements and bug fixes.

Due to a missing announcement for release 2.2.0, this release note includes enhancements and bug fixes that were done in 2.2.0 and in 2.3.0.

Jactl 2.1.0 is a new release with a handful of enhancements and bug fixes, as well as a brand new IntelliJ plugin.

Jactl 2.0.0 is a major release that fixes a few bugs and adds some new language features. The biggest new feature is powerful pattern matching with destructuring via a new switch expression.

The forthcoming Jactl release (2.0.0) introduces switch expressions which provide the same functionality as switch statements/expressions in Java but, in addition, also provides the ability to do powerful pattern matching with destructuring that is common in many functional languages.

An easy day where we had to calculate the next number for each of a given set of number series. After stumbling on a stupid mistake with an iterative approach, the recursive approach worked first time and ended up as a much nicer solution.